{"id":3129299,"date":"2022-12-07T11:47:59","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T08:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taqadom.aspdkw.com\/?p=5432"},"modified":"2026-02-01T08:48:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T08:48:15","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/en\/taqaddum\/%d8%af-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0635\u0639\u064e\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f Anode) \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648”\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631”.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632 Sun Microsystems \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627 Nokia \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649”.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t\t

<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
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  • \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0640\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0640\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0640\u0633\u0640\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0640\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0640\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0640\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u06be\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0648 (DOW) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2011 \u06482015.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40000 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 (h-index) \u0625\u0644\u0649 107.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0646\u0640\u0634\u0640\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0640\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0640\u0646 520 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0640\u062a\u0640\u0635\u0640\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0640\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 26 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":3130406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1234],"tags":[1038,1058,1057],"class_list":["post-3129299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taqaddum","tag-website_taqadom","tag---2022","tag-1057"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. | \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a | \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/en\/taqaddum\/\u062f-\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. | \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a | \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/en\/taqaddum\/\u062f-\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SciPubQ8\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-07T08:47:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-01T08:48:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Page22.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1535\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nour Alkandari\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@scipubkw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@scipubkw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nour Alkandari\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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