{"id":3128264,"date":"2019-04-14T08:01:12","date_gmt":"2019-04-14T05:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/taqadom.aspdkw.com\/?p=3171"},"modified":"2026-02-01T08:57:40","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T08:57:40","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/en\/taqaddum\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 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\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n1 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<br \/>\n2 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<br \/>\n3 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<br \/>\n4 &#8211; \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<br \/>\n5 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n6 &#8211; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a (\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0632\u0643) \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<br \/>\n7 &#8211; \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d (\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d).<br \/>\n8 &#8211; \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0627.<br \/>\n9 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u064a) Archaean era (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.5 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a) \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 600 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a global freezing\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 2.3 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0642\u0628\u0644 1.8 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629). \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 Paleoproterozoic\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 Great Oxygenation Event. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 Snowball Earth. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 prokaryotes \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 eukaryotes \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<br 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0648 12500 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0630\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\n&gt; \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a 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\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2000 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062b\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 &hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3129674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1234],"tags":[1038,1144,1118,1140,1141,1057],"class_list":["post-3128264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taqaddum","tag-website_taqadom","tag-1144","tag-1118","tag-1140","tag-1141","tag-1057"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062b\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/en\/taqaddum\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SciPubQ8\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-14T05:01:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-01T08:57:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspdkw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shutterstock_669282958.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"467\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Faisal Almahdi\" \/>\n<meta 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